What is Iraq's energy system based on?

Iraq’s energy system is highly dependent on fossil fuel-based forms of energy, as the country is rich in fossil fuel resourc- es. It is currently the third largest global oil exporter and is likely to remain one of the three largest oil exporters for the foreseeable future.

What is the Integrated National Energy Strategy of Iraq?

In 2014, the Integrated National Energy Strategy of Iraq was developed as an attempt to create an energy vision; however, it did not take into account the reality of the challenges facing Iraq and was dificult to implement.

What factors limit Iraq's progress in the energy transition?

In summary, several factors can be identified at system level that currently limit Iraq’s progress in the energy transition: the current pandemic, the sector’s challenging institutional framework, and political instability. Iraq has a national energy strategy that lacks a clear vision and political com- mitment.

How can Iraq move towards a renewables-based energy system?

Overall, for Iraq to move towards a renewables-based ener- gy system, it must introduce regulations covering renewable energies, focus on market development, invest in grid retro- fitting, and adopt energy eficiency measures, all of which are currently lacking in Iraq.

Does Iraq need a constant electricity supply?

The most pressing concern for Iraq’s electricity sector is the need to secure a constant electricity supply. In this context, it is important to extend the transmission network to neigh- bouring countries. An example could be the agreement signed with Jordan in 2020 to connect the two countries« power grids.

What is the main source of energy in Iraq?

As previously mentioned, fossil fuels are the predominant source of energy in Iraq. Renewable energies still play a very minor role in the energy system.