Where can I find a report on lithium ion batteries?

This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at Denholm, Paul, Wesley Cole, and Nate Blair. 2023. Moving Beyond 4-Hour Li-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities for Long(er)-Duration Energy Storage. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-85878.

What is a lithium ion battery?

Battery technologies are at the heart of such large-scale energy storage systems, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the core of various available battery technologies.

What are the outliers in battery manufacturing output?

The outliers in U.S. manufacturing output are the Carbon and Green Economy scenarios, with low and high energy technology adoption respectively. The other scenarios differ based on the attractiveness for investment in battery manufacturing capabilities in the United States.

Which materials are used in lithium ion batteries?

Lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt are of particular significance for the dominant lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, primarily relying on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes. Geographically, the global supply is heavily reliant on China with competition expected to intensify.

Are Li-ion batteries the future of energy storage?

Li-ion batteries are deployed in both the stationary and transportation markets. They are also the major source of power in consumer electronics. Most analysts expect Li-ion to capture the majority of energy storage growth in all markets over at least the next 10 years , , , , .

What is the maximum energy density of a lithium ion battery?

There are three distinct maximum energy densities for these batteries 415Wh/kg, 550Wh/kg, and 984Wh/kg. The cycle life for these batteries is 1285, 1475, and 1525 cycles/s. A deeper analysis of battery categories reveals SSB, DIB, and MAB as standout technologies.