Why do we need high-performance energy storage systems?

Yet, renewable energy resources present constraints in terms of geographical locations and limited time intervals for energy generation. Therefore, there is a surging demand for developing high-performance energy storage systems (ESSs) to effectively store the energy during the peak time and use the energy during the trough period.

How does high-voltage / high-temperature operation affect the long-term stability of SCS?

Under the high-voltage or high-temperature operation of SCs, irreversible electrochemical processes can occur in the devices, resulting in capacitance loss and an increase in the equivalent series resistance, which negatively impact the long-term stability of the SCs.

Are CNT-based high-voltage SCS effective?

Another notable study on CNT-based high-voltage SCs includes opening of the CNT cap and shell of double or triple-walled CNTs by CO 2 etching which facilitated the organic electrolyte's ion transport through the inner wall of the CNTs, resulting in excellent SC performance under high-voltage conditions.

Which electrolytes can be used to endow a high operating voltage?

Chiba et al.27,28 demonstrated the use of 2,3-BC and EiPS electrolytes to endow SCs with a high operating voltage up to 3.5 V. This was attributed to the high stability of these electrolytes at the AC electrode/electrolyte interface at a high operating potential.