Which energy storage technologies have low energy capacity costs?

Mechanical energy storage technologies, such as pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) and compressed air energy storage (CAES), tend to have low energy capacity costs where suitable topography or underground caverns are available (e.g., very large reservoirs or caverns).

Are 9 nm HZO films recoverable ESD after ferroic engineering?

Although the 9-nm HZO films demonstrate record recoverable ESD after ferroic engineering, the overall stored energy is still small from an application perspective. Increasing total stored energy requires increasing film thickness while still maintaining the field-driven NC behaviour that underlies the high-ESD performance.

Is ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density a bottleneck?

However, thus far, the huge challenge of realizing ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) accompanied by ultrahigh efficiency (η) still existed and has become a key bottleneck restricting the development of dielectric materials in cutting-edge energy storage applications.

Does -E BD limit energy storage in dielectric capacitors?

This approach can overcome the conventional κ -E BD trend which limits energy storage in dielectric capacitors (Supplementary Text), ultimately leading to the largest volumetric ESD value reported for a BEOL-compatible dielectric (Supplementary Table 1).

Is long-duration storage a viable alternative to carbon-free or high-renewable power systems?

Even though long-duration storage could play a critical role in enabling carbon-free or high renewable power systems, the economics of long-duration storage technologies are not well understood.

Does high entropy affect energy storage performance?

As a result, a giant Wrec ~10.06 J cm −3 and an ultrahigh η ~90.8% are simultaneously achieved in the KNN-H ceramic, showing a significant promotional effect of the high-entropy strategy on the energy storage performance (236% for Eb, 1729% for Wrec, 68% for η, Supplementary Fig. 6c).