Which energy storage technology provides inertia for power systems?

With a weighted score of 4.3, flywheels (with lithium–ion batteries a close second) appear as the most suitable energy storage technology to provide inertia for power systems.

Should energy storage be a virtual inertial course?

Incorporating energy storage as a virtual inertial course would require fundamental changes in grid operations and market design. Because grid rotational inertia is considered an inherent property of power generation, there is no market mechanism to include inertia generation as an ancillary service.

Are energy storage technologies a viable alternative to inertia?

Energy storage technologies have emerged as a viable alternative to providing inertia through virtual inertia, i.e. inertia generated or simulated with power electronics and controls (Zhao and Ding, 2018, Zhang et al., 2019, Fang et al., 2017a).

What is inertia in power systems?

Inertia is an intrinsic property of power systems that stabilizes the grid frequency and introduces a relationship between frequency and the balance of power supply and demand. Previously, synchronous generators and induction motors were directly connected to the power grid and were the main source of inertia (Shi et al., 2019, Lin et al., 2022).

What are high energy storage systems?

High-energy storage systems such as pumped hydro energy storage and compressed air storage, are characterized by high specific energy and are mainly used for high energy input and output occasions such as energy management, backup and seasonal reserves, and load leveling.

What are alternative energy sources for inertia emulation?

Additionally, alternative ESS such as flywheel and compressed-air energy storage also have been proven to supply inertia emulation (Yang et al., 2021, Mucci et al., 2021, Terlouw et al., 2019).