What are the characteristics of all energy storage methods?

Table 1 and Table 2 contain the characteristics of all storage methods. A comparison of all energy storage technologies by their power rating, autonomy at rated power, energy and power density, lifetime in cycles and years, energy efficiency, maximum DoD (permitted), response time, capital cost, self-discharge rate and maturity is presented.

How do energy storage technologies compare?

Furthermore, Section 3 compares all energy storage technologies by their energy and power density, lifetime in cycles and years, energy efficiency, response time, capital cost, self-discharge rate and maturity. A brief comparison is given by the form of tables. In Section 4, a discussion of the grid scale energy storage applications is presented.

Why is CAES considered a long-term energy storage method?

CAES is classified as a long-term energy storage method because it can reserve or supply power for days. It is not an independent system and has to be associated to a gas turbine plant. When there is excess energy, or the electricity demand is low, the compressor stores air into a sealed volume to a high pressure.

How to choose a storage method for a grid electricity system?

All storage technologies can reinforce the quality, stability and reliability of the grid electricity systems. However, the proper storage method should be selected based on several parameters, such as the capital and operational cost, the power density, the energy density, the lifetime and cycle life and the efficiency.

What is the power capacity of thermal energy storage?

Following, thermal energy storage has 3.2 GW installed power capacity, in which the 75% is deployed by molten salt thermal storage technology. Electrochemical batteries are the third most developed storage method with 1.63 GW global power capacity, followed by electromechanical storage with 1.57 GW global installed power capacity.

What is the sensitivity of the average cost of energy storage (LEC)?

The sensitivity of the average, discounted costs of energy storage (LEC) of the investigated storage technologies is described in the following. STS and MTS with 1 and 7 h energy recovery periods, respectively, show only small differences. For this reason and in the interests of clarity, only STS and LTS facilities are investigated.