Is direct recovery a sustainable recycling technology for spent lithium-ion batteries?

Adv. Energy Mater 13, 2203093 (2023). Wu, J. et al. Direct recovery: a sustainable recycling technology for spent lithium-ion battery. Energy Storage Mater. 54, 120–134 (2023). Li, L. et al. Sustainable recovery of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries using lactic acid leaching system.

How to recycle Li-ion battery active materials?

Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials. From top to bottom, these techniques are used by OnTo, (15) Umicore, (20) and Recupyl (21) in their recycling processes (some steps have been omitted for brevity).

How many Lib recycling facilities are there?

As shown in Figure 5 and Table 2, there are at least 32 established or planned facilities for LIB recycling with roughly 322,500 tons of recycling capacity (as of late 2021) and approximately 70,000 tons of planned recycling capacity (although the capacities of 4 of the 12 planned facilities are not known).

Can llzo-LCO solid-state batteries be recycled?

Interfaces 15, 4101–4112 (2023). This study shows the degradation effects in an LLZO-LCO solid-state battery and uses a thermal recovery (annealing) step to directly recover the materials. Qin, Z. et al. Recycling garnet-type electrolyte toward superior cycling performance for solid-state lithium batteries.

Is Redwood a big business in stationary storage decommissioning & recycling?

Redwood sees big business in stationary storage decommissioning and recycling, noting that 4.8GW were installed last year in the US alone. The company recently partnered with Southern Company and EPRI to recycle one of the earliest grid-scale lithium-ion battery storage system in Cedartown, Georgia.

Is direct regeneration a sustainable SSB Recycling model?

A review proposing direct regeneration of the particulate components (solid electrolytes and composite cathodes) as part of a sustainable SSB recycling model. Ghidiu, M., Ruhl, J., Culver, S. P. & Zeier, W. G. Solution-based synthesis of lithium thiophosphate superionic conductors for solid-state batteries: a chemistry perspective. J. Mater. Chem.