What are the main goals of a water pumping system?

The main goals are to improve the WSS energy efficiency, reduce CO 2 emissions, and reduce costs. Since energy and CO 2 emissions are directly linked to the energy consumed in pumping, then, when reducing the pumping operation costs all of these are being also reduced with special interest for water system operators (i.e. reduce costs).

What is pumped storage technology?

Given this challenge, pumped storage technology can be one of the viable solutions. This involves storing gravitational energy by pumping water into a reservoir at a higher altitude, which is later converted into electrical energy using a turbine.

Can pumped storage systems be integrated into water supply systems?

The management of a pumped storage system integrated into water supply systems is still little explored. The integration of dynamic energy pricing with PAT operation represents an opportunity for water utilities to reduce their costs. The computational model developed using optimization algorithms allows for efficient operation of PAT in WSSs.

How does a pumped hydroelectric storage plant work?

The electrical system of the pumped hydroelectric storage plant consisted of a squirrel-cage induction machine supplied by the machine side converter and the hydraulic system included separate turbine and pump units. A scaled linearized model was adopted to represent the elastic water column and surge tank.

Why is water storage important in water pumping cost minimization?

In general, the water storage is crucial in water pumping cost minimization, especially by reducing pump operation during high electricity tariff prices.

What is pumped storage hydropower?

Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is the most dominant form of energy storage on the electric grid today. It plays an important role in integrating more renewable resources onto the grid. PSH can be characterized as open-loop or closed-loop, with open-loop PSH having an ongoing hydrologic connection to a natural body of water.