Why should Hy-Drogen be stored underground?

Underground storage facilities benefit from several advantages to cope with hydrogen such as the absence of oxygen underground or the high fluid pressure. Hy-drogen storage in salt caverns is already a proven tech-nology with several sites in the North of England and in the United States.

Will natural gas infra-structure be fit for 100 % hydrogen transport?

According to Gas for Climate, existing natural gas infra-structure does not require massive changes to be fit for 100 % hydrogen transport as the infrastructure materials are often fit for hydrogen transport as well15.

Are LNG terminals ready to import and store hydrogen?

After an adaptation process, LNG terminals can be ready to import and store hydrogen in various forms. GIE has identified a number of pathways33 including liquefied hydrogen, LOHC, or other chemical carriers built with hydrogen (e. g. methanol, ammonia, etc.).

Should hydrogen pipelines be operated at less than their maximum capacity?

Analyses by some gas TSOs show that operating hydrogen pipelines at less than their maximum capacity gives much more attractive transport costs per MWh transported as ad-ditional expensive high-capacity compressor stations and corresponding energy consumption can be avoid-ed.

Can Hy-Drogen be stored in salt caverns?

Hy-drogen storage in salt caverns is already a proven tech-nology with several sites in the North of England and in the United States. The tolerance of depleted gas fields for hydrogen blending of up to 10 % has been success-fully tested on existing facilities without any negative influence on safety41.

How do underground formations provide hydrogen storage?

In Europe, three types of underground formations can provide large-scale cyclical and seasonal storage of hy-drogen to secure its supply, allow electrolysers to oper-ate flexibly and assist electricity to cover peak demand: salt caverns, aquifers and depleted fields.