Can Africa develop an integrated lithium supply chain for batteries?

In this report, we summarise the potential for developing an integrated lithium supply chain for batteries in Africa. Lithium is a moderately abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and is predominantly concentrated into three types of mineral deposit: pegmatites and granites; sedimentary deposits; and brines (Bowell et al., 2020).

Why is a lithium supply chain important in Africa?

Understanding of lithium supply, demand and markets is essential for development of the Li supply chain in Africa. Energy security. Lithium mineral processing is highly energy intensive, and so secure energy supplies are essential for industrial engagement in the lithium supply chain.

Could African countries refine materials for lithium battery production & export?

African countries could refine materials for lithium battery production and export to the US and EU. Refining could be in countries that are currently mining raw materials required for battery cell production or have a plan to start by 2030. These include: 4. Presence of local battery demand or assembly 5. Presence of required talent 6.

Can Africa develop a lithium industry?

A cadre of well-trained, highly skilled local staff will be essential for a lithium industry to develop in any African country. As of June 2021, very few African countries have any engagement in supply chains of lithium for batteries. This is despite the fact that several countries across Africa have well-known lithium resources.

How much money do African countries need to produce lithium batteries?

The required capital expenditure ranges from USD 0.5-1.5 billion. African countries could refine materials for lithium battery production and export to the US and EU. Refining could be in countries that are currently mining raw materials required for battery cell production or have a plan to start by 2030. These include: 4.

Can Africa export lithium concentrate to China?

As many companies develop lithium exploration and mining projects across Africa, offtake agreements are being signed, chiefly for export of mineral concentrate to China. Global transportation of concentrate potentially represents a missed economic opportunity for the producing country, and is also likely to have significant environmental impacts.