What is the current state and trends of Iraq's energy system?

This section discusses the current state and trends of Iraq’s energy system in terms of supply, demand, infrastructure, actor network, and market developments. Iraq’s energy system is highly dependent on fossil fuel-based forms of energy, as the country is rich in fossil fuel resourc- es.

Does Iraq need a MENA phase model?

Consequently, necessary adaptations were made, and the MENA phase model was applied to the country case of Iraq. The results provide a structured overview of the ongoing developments in the Iraqi energy system and offer insights into the next steps necessary to transform it into a renewa- bles-based system.

How can Iraq move towards a renewables-based energy system?

Overall, for Iraq to move towards a renewables-based ener- gy system, it must introduce regulations covering renewable energies, focus on market development, invest in grid retro- fitting, and adopt energy eficiency measures, all of which are currently lacking in Iraq.

Does Iraq need a constant electricity supply?

The most pressing concern for Iraq’s electricity sector is the need to secure a constant electricity supply. In this context, it is important to extend the transmission network to neigh- bouring countries. An example could be the agreement signed with Jordan in 2020 to connect the two countries« power grids.

What is Iraq's energy system based on?

Iraq’s energy system is highly dependent on fossil fuel-based forms of energy, as the country is rich in fossil fuel resourc- es. It is currently the third largest global oil exporter and is likely to remain one of the three largest oil exporters for the foreseeable future.

Is Iraq progressing in the energy transition?

Developments at the niche level during each phase are crucial for reaching the subsequent stages of the energy transition (see Table 3-1). From this perspective, Iraq displays very limited progress in almost all the relevant dimensions: supply, demand, infrastructure, markets/economy, and society.