How to determine the optimal size of battery energy storage?

But energy storage costs are added to the microgrid costs, and energy storage size must be determined in a way that minimizes the total operating costs and energy storage costs. This paper presents a new method for determining the optimal size of the battery energy storage by considering the process of battery capacity degradation.

What is the maximum energy accumulated in a battery?

The maximum amount of energy accumulated in the battery within the analysis period is the Demonstrated Capacity (kWh or MWh of storage exercised). In order to normalize and interpret results, Efficiency can be compared to rated efficiency and Demonstrated Capacity can be divided by rated capacity for a normalized Capacity Ratio.

How do you calculate battery efficiency?

Efficiency is the sum of energy discharged from the battery divided by sum of energy charged into the battery (i.e., kWh in/kWh out). This must be summed over a time duration of many cycles so that initial and final states of charge become less important in the calculation of the value.

How is energy storage capacity calculated?

The energy storage capacity, E, is calculated using the efficiency calculated above to represent energy losses in the BESS itself. This is an approximation since actual battery efficiency will depend on operating parameters such as charge/discharge rate (Amps) and temperature.

What are the output results of a battery energy storage problem?

The output results of the problem are as follows: Optimal capacity and optimal nominal power of the battery energy storage. DGs optimal schedule such as thermal unit power and battery charging and discharging status at any time. Optimal technology selection. Optimal depth of discharge for each cycle. Average of SOC for each day.

How to determine the optimal energy storage size in a microgrid?

The use of battery is not limited to microgrid and the economic approach is not the only approach for determining the optimal energy storage size. In , , energy storage size is determined based on frequency maintenance in a microgrid disconnected from the grid, and economic issues are not considered in these studies.