What is the main source of energy in Iraq?

As previously mentioned, fossil fuels are the predominant source of energy in Iraq. Renewable energies still play a very minor role in the energy system.

Does Iraq need a constant electricity supply?

The most pressing concern for Iraq’s electricity sector is the need to secure a constant electricity supply. In this context, it is important to extend the transmission network to neigh- bouring countries. An example could be the agreement signed with Jordan in 2020 to connect the two countries« power grids.

How much electricity does Iraq use per capita?

Although annual electricity consumption per capita is estimated to be around 1,300 kWh, which is lower than neighbouring countries, the energy use per capita in Iraq amounts to around 1,437 kgoe, which is high in compari- son to other countries in the region (Istepanian, 2018; The World Bank, 2014).

How can Iraq move towards a renewables-based energy system?

Overall, for Iraq to move towards a renewables-based ener- gy system, it must introduce regulations covering renewable energies, focus on market development, invest in grid retro- fitting, and adopt energy eficiency measures, all of which are currently lacking in Iraq.

What is Iraq's energy transition process?

OF IRAQ’S ENERGY transition process. Development of a Phase Model no distinct strategy to develop the renewable energy sector. shift towards a sustainable energy system could help Iraq secure a reliable and afforda- ble electricity supply, achieve cost savings and create long- term opportunities for eco- nomic development.

What factors limit Iraq's progress in the energy transition?

In summary, several factors can be identified at system level that currently limit Iraq’s progress in the energy transition: the current pandemic, the sector’s challenging institutional framework, and political instability. Iraq has a national energy strategy that lacks a clear vision and political com- mitment.