What are energy storage systems?

Energy storage systems (ESSs) in the electric power networks can be provided by a variety of techniques and technologies.

Are energy storage systems a smart grid?

In the past decade, energy storage systems (ESSs) as one of the structural units of the smart grids have experienced a rapid growth in both technical maturity and cost effectiveness. These devices propose diverse applications in the power systems especially in distribution networks.

How are energy storage works classified?

Then, the works are classified based on the used energy storage technologies and models, considered applications for the storage systems and associated objective functions, network modeling, solution methods, and uncertainty management of the problem. Each section is equipped with relevant future works for those who are interested in the field.

How are energy storage systems categorized?

In general, storage systems are categorized based on two factors namely storage medium (type of the energy stored) and storage (discharge) duration. In the first type classification, the ESSs are divided to mechanical, chemical, and electrical storage systems based on the form in which the energy is stored.

How is thermal energy stored?

Thermal energy is stored solely through a change of temperature of the storage medium. The capacity of a storage system is defi ned by the specifi c heat capacity and the mass of the medium used. Latent heat storage is accomplished by using phase change materials (PCMs) as storage media.

Which storage technologies are suitable for employment in distribution networks?

In contrast, with the advancement of the high power and high energy density, high efficiency, environmental friendly and grid scale batteries, these devices are becoming one of the most potential storage technologies suitable for employment in the distribution networks.