Should Ocean Energy be integrated with other sources?

The most relevant outcomes underscore the advantages arising from the integration of ocean energies, namely, wave and tidal stream, in contrast to a system with other sources, particularly a system exclusively dependent on offshore wind.

Which energy storage technologies were considered in the model?

Two energy storage technologies were considered in the model: lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen storage. The model favored a large storage capacity and selected the hydrogen storage due to its lower cost. The model includes simplifications, as outlined in Section 2, and uncertainties common in the projection of future scenarios.

Does adding wave and tidal to offshore wind reduce storage capacity?

Adding wave and tidal to offshore wind decreases the necessary storage capacity by 30% in 2030 and approximately 35% in 2040 and 40% in 2050. However, the all-energies scenario always presents the lowest need of storage.

What are the benefits of integrating Ocean Energy?

Results suggest that integrating ocean energies, namely, wave and tidal energy, yields notable benefits compared to traditional renewable energy sources exclusively. These benefits encompass reduced installed capacity, minimized energy storage requirements, lower excess generation, and overall cost-saving. 1. Introduction

Which energy storage technologies are considered?

Two energy storage technologies are considered, namely, lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen storage. The model is based on hourly data regarding renewable energies resources and the consumption, which brings a degree of uncertainty to the analysis, since estimations of the future demand are required.

Is surplus electricity stored or curtailed?

The model considers that any surplus of electricity generation is either stored and/or curtailed, depending on which is more cost-effective. These results are derived from a medium-cost scenario projection.