Do government subsidies promote recycling and reuse of waste electric vehicle batteries?

Three government subsidy policies are considered to promote recycling and reuse of waste electric vehicle batteries, namely, no subsidies, production research and development (R&D) subsidies and recycling subsidies, respectively.

Do government subsidies affect EV batteries?

Moreover, there is limited focus on government subsidies, which can significantly influence the initial design of EV batteries. Research on hybrid subsidy policies remains insufficient, even though these are critical issues that need addressing in the reality.

Should EV subsidies be phasing out?

The priority to expand fleets of electric vehicles cannot rely on subsidies indefinitely, a fact that BYD, 2015a, BYD, 2015b recognizes in stating that “phasing out EV subsidies must be gradual, considering market maturity and consumption of its sustainable solutions”.

Do production R&D subsidies increase EV battery recycling rates?

Secondly, our results mainly reveal that production R&D subsidies make EV batteries more available for consumers, while recycling subsidies exhibit a pronounced effect on enhancing the recycling rate.

Does production R&D subsidy affect repurchase price of low-energy density EV batteries?

Conversely, the wholesale price decreases when government provides subsidies for production R&D. The relationship between production R&D subsidies and the repurchase price of low-energy density EV batteries is positive, which is shown in Fig. 4 (c).

What companies use waste EV batteries?

LEAF, Nissan's EV model, collaborates with a French energy company, EDF, to repurpose waste EV batteries in energy storage systems . Toyota also utilizes waste EV batteries in its Camry vehicles to store and supply power, effectively extending the service life of these batteries by nearly two times .