Are pumped hydro storage and electric boilers effective?

Pumped hydro storage (PHS) and electric boilers (EBs) are two of the strongest technological options under discussion in China to address this challenge, but rigorous quantitative analyses of their effectiveness rooted in actual system data are lacking.

Do EBS increase wind power capacity?

As illustrated in Fig. 1 c, the results suggest that introducing EBs could significantly increase the capacity of the power system to accommodate wind power, notably during the aforementioned periods of continuous wind surplus when PHS facilities are ineffective.

What is an EB in a Wim power system?

EBs are introduced in the WIND40+PHS+EB scenarios to add an adjustable electric load and thereby introduce flexibility in the WIM power system to better accommodate wind-power variations and reduce curtailments.

Do EBS reduce curtailments of wind power?

The effects of EBs in reducing curtailments of wind power were explored at three PHS capacity levels: 1.2 GW, 2.4 GW, and 3.6 GW. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the curtailed wind power fraction declines with increasing capacities of EBs, independent of the PHS capacity. Fig. 4.

Should EBS be deployed at the optimal capacity level?

Deployment of EBs at the optimal capacity level would lower the costs for reduction in emissions of CO 2 from $25.3 per ton to $19.4 per ton in the zero PHS case, from $20.2 per ton to $16.0 per ton in the 3.6 GW PHS case. 4. Discussion